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Yesterday, February 4, marked World Cancer Day, a global reminder that early detection is key to saving lives. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), recognizing the early signs of cancer can significantly improve survival rates. While many types of cancer are treatable, the likelihood of successful treatment greatly increases when caught early.
The WHO highlights several early warning signs of cancer that should not be overlooked. These signs may indicate more serious health concerns and demand immediate medical attention. Some cancers, like skin, breast, colorectal, cervical, and oral cancers, are more treatable when detected in their early stages. However, many of the signs may appear harmless, so knowing what to look out for could save your life.
Here are 7 crucial warning signs to be aware of, based on WHO guidelines:
1. Unusual Bleeding or Discharge
Unexpected bleeding is often one of the first signs of cancer, especially in areas that don’t typically experience bleeding. If you notice blood in your urine or stool, unusual vaginal bleeding, or any discharge from the nipples or penis, it’s essential to consult a doctor. While these symptoms can be attributed to other conditions, ruling out cancer is critical for early diagnosis.
2. A Sore That Won’t Heal
A wound or sore that doesn’t improve over time, becomes painful, or starts to bleed can be indicative of skin cancer. WHO urges anyone with a non-healing sore to seek medical attention promptly. Skin cancers, such as melanoma, can develop quickly, so addressing these signs early is paramount.
3. Changes in Bowel or Bladder Habits
Changes in your bowel or bladder habits can be a red flag for colorectal or bladder cancer. Persistent diarrhea, constipation, blood in stool, or significant changes in stool shape or size should be checked out by a healthcare professional. Similarly, blood in urine or difficulty urinating could indicate bladder cancer. These issues should not be ignored if they persist.
4. Lumps in the Breast or Other Parts of the Body
The WHO emphasizes that lumps in the breast, testicles, or any unusual swelling in the body should never be disregarded. While not all lumps are cancerous, early detection is crucial for effective treatment. Performing regular self-examinations can help catch these changes early before they develop into more serious conditions.
5. A Nagging Cough
A persistent cough, particularly one that produces blood or alters your voice, may be a symptom of lung or throat cancer. If your cough lasts for weeks or worsens over time, it is vital to see a doctor. Lung cancer, in particular, can go unnoticed for a long period, but early detection can significantly increase the chances of successful treatment.
6. Obvious Changes in Moles
Skin cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. WHO recommends using the ABCD rule to monitor any changes in moles on your skin:
- Asymmetry: One half of the mole looks different from the other.
- Border: The edges are irregular or blurry.
- Colour: The mole has several shades instead of one consistent color.
- Diameter: It’s larger than a pencil eraser (approximately 6mm). Any mole that changes in size, shape, or color should be evaluated by a healthcare provider to rule out skin cancer.
7. Difficulty Swallowing
Persistent difficulty swallowing, or a sensation of pressure in your throat or chest, could be symptoms of esophageal or throat cancer. This condition often worsens over time and should be checked by a doctor if it doesn’t resolve. Feeling full quickly or trouble swallowing food may also indicate advanced stages of cancer, and early detection can make all the difference in treatment outcomes.
What You Can Do: Cancer may seem like an overwhelming topic, but awareness is your first line of defense. Early detection and timely intervention increase survival rates significantly. Don’t wait for symptoms to worsen—take proactive steps in managing your health today.
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